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One of the largest and most diverse kingdoms in eukaryotes is fungi, which consists of approximately 2.2-3.8 million species. This book provides readers with an in-depth understanding of fungi diversity and the role of fungi in the ecosystem. Chapters address such topics as fungi reproduction and pathology, fungal mycotoxicity, fungi mating mechanisms, and much more.
Fungi --- Fungi --- Growth. --- Physiology.
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We are honored and privileged to edit this Special Issue, "Fungal Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Ecology: A Themed Issue Dedicated to Academician Wen-Ying Zhuang". In this Special Issue, we are pleased to publish a comprehensive assemblage of 23 papers covering fungal taxonomy, phylogeny, and ecology, in which 76 new taxa from a broad taxonomic group and different ecological habitats are reported.
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This unique book explores fungi as sensors, electronic devices, and potential future computers, offering eco-friendly alternatives to traditional electronics. Fungi are ancient, widely distributed organisms ranging from microscopic single cells to massive mycelium spanning hectares. They possess senses similar to humans, detecting light, chemicals, gases, gravity, and electric fields. It covers fungal electrical activity, sensors, electronics, computing prototypes, and fungal language. Authored by leading experts from diverse fields, the book is accessible to readers of all backgrounds, from high-schoolers to professors. It reveals the remarkable potential of fungal machines while minimizing environmental impact.
Fungi --- Biotechnology.
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Fungi --- Biotechnology.
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The critical revision of 59 Asteromella species occurring in Poland is presented, based primarily on specimens from Poland, as well as selected herbarial materials from France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Switzerland and Ukraine. Some exsiccata, including types of Asteromella carlinae Petr., Asteromella ludwigii Petr., Asteromella ovata Thum., Asteromella petasitidis Petr., Depazea agrimoniae Lasch, Mycosphaerella agrimoniae Syd., Phyllosticta borszczowii Thum., Phyllosticta cicutae Lind, Phyllosticta eupatoriicola Kabat & Bubak, Phyllosticta pleurospermi Died., Phyllosticta salicina Kabát & Bubák, Phyllosticta senecionis-nemorensis Săvul. & Sandu, Phyllosticta wandae Namysł. were also studied. Each species is accompanied by the information pertaining to host spectrum, morphology of conidiomata, conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia, distribution in Poland and globally, as well as information on synanamorphs and teleomorph, if present. Two species, Asteromella moeszii Ruszkiewicz-Michalska & Mułenko spec. nov. on Pulmonaria obscura and Asteromella rupprechtii Ruszkiewicz-Michalska spec. nov. on Agrimonia eupatoria are described, based on Polish specimens. A new name, Asteromella huubii Ruszkiewicz-Michalska nom. nov., is proposed to replace Asteromella angelicae (Sacc.) Moesz ex Bat. & Peres. Nine Phyllosticta and two Depazea species were redisposed into Asteromella: Asteromella acetosae (Sacc.) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov., Asteromella adoxicola (Lasch) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov., Asteromella alnicola (C. Massal.) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov., Asteromella bacilloides (Dominik) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov., Asteromella prunellae (Ellis & Everh.) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov., Asteromella garbowskii (Gucevič) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov., Asteromella lysimachiae (Allesch.) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov., Asteromella populina (Fuckel) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov., Asteromella salicina (Kabát & Bubák) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov. Neotype of Asteromella bacilloides and a lectotype of Asteromella adoxicola are designated. Nine species reported in the literature are not confirmed to occur in Poland; this includes two species that need to be recollected [Asteromella scabiosae (Kalymb.) Vanev & Aa and Asteromella mali (Briard) Boerema & Dorenb.], as dried specimens are scarce and deficient. Affinity of Asteromella confusa (Bubák) Petr. to Asteromella vs. Phoma is briefly disputed. New records and new data on the distribution of Asteromella species in Latvia, Poland, Slovakia, Switzerland and Ukraine are also provided. Three species are reported as new to Polish funga: Asteromella prunellae, Asteromella melampyrina and Asteromella moeszii.
Fungi --- Identification.
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Fungi are extremely versatile microorganisms as a biotechnology tool having the advantage of being relatively easy to grow, thus making them suitable for large scale production. Fungi have been successfully employed for biotransformations ranging from food manufacturing to drug design. Mycofactories comprise a substantial share of significant current research in the area of fungal biotechnology, and constitutes an effort to compile high level research in this domain. Topics include applications of fungi as a main source for the production of enzymes, manufacture of food derivatives, pigments a
Fungi --- Biotechnology.
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The first taxonomic treatment of the smut fungi in Greenland is provided. A total of 43 species in 11 genera are treated and illustrated by photographs of sori, microphotographs of spores in LM and SEM, and distribution maps. Two species, Anthracoidea pseudofoetidae and Urocystis tothii, are recorded as new from North America. Thirteen species, Anthracoidea altera, A. capillaris, A. limosa, A. liroi, A. pseudofoetidae, A. scirpoideae, A. turfosa, Microbotryum lagerheimii, M. stellariae, Schizonella elynae, Stegocintractia luzulae, Urocystis fischeri, and U. tothii, are reported for the first time from Greenland. The most numerous distribution groups are the following: circumpolar–alpine and Arctic–alpine species – 14; circumboreal–polar species – 10; and circumpolar and Arctic species – 6. The most widely distributed smut fungi in Greenland are Anthracoidea bigelowii, A. elynae, Microbotryum bistortarum, and M. vinosum. Most species were found in the High Arctic zone (29 species), while from the Low Arctic zone and the Subarctic zone, 26 and 19 species were known, respectively. Ten species, Anthracoidea bigelowii, A. capillaris, A. elynae, Microbotryum bistortarum, M. koenigiae, M. pustulatum, M. silenes-acaulis, M. vinosum, Schizonella elynae, and Urocystis sorosporioides, were recorded from all three zones. Only plants belonging to six families, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Juncaceae, Ranunculaceae, Caryophyllaceae, and Polygonaceae, out of a total of 55 in the flora of Greenland, hosted smut fungi. Carex was the genus with the highest number of host species (22). The total number of the host plants (45 species) was 8.5 % out of a total of 532 vascular plants in the flora of Greenland.
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Studies on the major groups within the fungal kingdom have provided significant and wide-ranging contributions on the molecular bases by which sexual identity and reproduction are defined and controlled.
Fungi --- Reproduction.
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